Rigging and Equipment Installation > Mechanical Installation

Mechanical Installation

Course Number: 817

The Mechanical Installation textbook covers the fundamentals of rigging. It begins by discussing the tools and fasteners needed to secure rigging. It goes on to discuss the techniques and safeguards for ropes, chains, hoists, and scaffolding. The textbook concludes by examining procedures and factors affecting installation of large plant equipment.

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Recommended Contact Hours – 22

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Wrenches and Screwdrivers

Topics: Wrenches-open-end, box-end, combination, socket, adjustable, torque; Screwdrivers-standard, cross-slot, spiral, ratchet, offset; Driving and removing screws; Restoring a blade

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify types of materials used for making wrenches.
  • Identify open-end, box-end, socket, socket-head, adjustable, torque, and striking-face wrenches.
  • Describe two sizes that are important in identifying a socket wrench.
  • Identify standard, Phillips, offset, and spiral-ratchet screwdrivers.
  • List the steps to follow when driving a screw.

Chapter 2: Fasteners

Topics: Threaded fasteners; Screw threads; Types of nuts; Washers; Safety wiring; Keys and pins; Rivets

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify seven major types of threaded fasteners.
  • Read and interpret common screw thread and threaded fastener specifications.
  • Describe the three actions in a manual riveting operation, and explain why each action must be done properly.
  • Demonstrate the proper technique for safety wiring a group of threaded fasteners.
  • Identify three kinds of washers.

Chapter 3: Introduction to Industrial Rigging

Topics: Rigging tools; Determining weight and center of gravity; Vertical and horizontal force; Slings; Hooks; Hoist hooks; Special-purpose rigging hooks

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify the tools used in rigging and explain the purpose of each.
  • Give examples of three methods of calculating the weight of a load.
  • Explain center of gravity and its importance in rigging a load.
  • Describe four common sling arrangements and the relation between sling angle and horizontal force.
  • Name five types of hooks frequently used in rigging and explain the purpose of each.
  • Discuss proper hook use and cite four reasons for removing a hook from service.

Chapter 4: Wire Rope and Wire-Rope Slings

Topics: Wire rope construction, classification, and strength; Seizing, cutting, and splicing; Wire-rope slings; Inspection

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify the component parts of wire rope and describe its construction and classification.
  • Identify and discuss the factors that affect wire rope strength.
  • Describe the basic single-leg and multiple-leg slings and the calculation of their allowable loads.
  • Enumerate the signs of damage that would probably cause a wire rope to be removed from service.

Chapter 5: Chain and Metal-Mesh Slings

Topics: Welded-link chain; Chain grades and strength; Chain slings; Inspecting slings; Metal mesh slings; Sling materials

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify the different grades of chain and name some of their applications.
  • Define the terms working load limit, proof test, and minimum breaking force.
  • List and discuss four factors that affect the strength of chain slings.
  • Describe three types of damage you might see in a daily inspection of chain slings that would lead you to set the sling aside for more thorough examination.
  • Describe the two standard types of end fittings for metal mesh slings and the hitches for which each can be used.
  • Name several advantages of, and applications for, metal mesh slings.
  • List the visible signs of damage that would cause you to recommend a sling's removal from service.

Chapter 6: Fiber Rope and Webbing Slings

Topics: Natural and synthetic-fiber rope; Sling strength; Whipping rope ends; Splicing fiber rope; Synthetic webbing; Inspecting slings

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify the grades of manila rope that can be used for overhead lifting.
  • Name the three commonly used synthetic-fiber ropes and list three of their advantages over manila.
  • Discuss the factors that affect the strength of fiber rope.
  • Name the signs of wear or damage that would warrant setting a fiber-rope sling aside for more detailed inspection.
  • Describe an encased polyester fiber sling.
  • Explain the construction of synthetic-web slings and name four of the basic types.
  • List examples of visible damage that should cause a synthetic-web sling to be removed from service.

Chapter 7: Industrial Hoists and Cranes

Topics: Overhead manual chain, power, and wire-rope hoists; Side pull; Overload limit device; Underhung and top-running cranes; Jib cranes; Inspection

Learning Objectives:

  • Describe the characteristics of the various kinds of overhead hoists.
  • Explain the differences between single and double reeving.
  • Explain the proper function and operation of an upper limit switch and an overload limit device.
  • Describe and contrast the construction of top-running and underhung cranes.
  • Identify the three basic types of jib cranes.
  • Describe what the rigger's daily visual inspection should include.
  • List examples, from the additional criteria given in this Lesson, of conditions that should warrant removal of wire rope or hoist load chain from service.

Chapter 8: Operating Practices

Topics: Hoist and crane operation; Special heavy lifts; Pulling, setting, and turning a load; Eyebolts; The thought process of rigging

Learning Objectives:

  • Enumerate the general operating practices that apply to all tools of rigging.
  • Explain the 11 operating practices that apply to slings.
  • Discuss nine operating practices that should be observed when using a hoist or crane.
  • Detail the special circumstances under which a hoist or crane may be used to pull a load or lift a load heavier than the equipment's rated capacity.
  • Describe three methods of turning a load.
  • Discuss the eight questions that a rigger must answer in the thought process that should precede any lift.

Chapter 9: Scaffolds and Ladders

Topics: Types of scaffolds; Guy lines; Accessories; Ladders; How to raise and inspect a ladder; Life belts; Scaffold and ladder safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain the construction of pole and suspension scaffolds and lift platforms, and the safety measures that apply to them.
  • Name several scaffolding accessories and explain their use.
  • Discuss recommended usage and inspection of the three common types of ladders.

Chapter 10: Building Drawings

Topics: Buildings and building sites; Symbols and conventions; Plat, site, and floor plans; Working drawings

Learning Objectives:

  • Name building materials, given their standard symbols.
  • Explain how to find useful information on a flow diagram.
  • Explain how to find useful information on an industrial plat.
  • List the contents of a set of building drawings.
  • Describe the purpose of a structural drawing.

Chapter 11: Preparing the Site

Topics: Relocating underground piping, wiring, and cables; Barricading the work area; Removing excavated materials; Foundations and footings; Reinforced concrete; Safety precautions for excavating

Learning Objectives:

  • Tell who plans the installation of new equipment and list the steps involved.
  • Define the terms foundation and footing.
  • Tell which type of ground will support the most weight.
  • Explain how steel rods are held in position when pouring a concrete footing.
  • Name the best materials for filling around a foundation.
  • Explain how to protect concrete that might come into contact with oil or chemicals.
  • Tell how long new concrete must sit before equipment is installed on it.

Chapter 12: Vibration Control and Anchoring

Topics: Selecting anchors and isolators; Isolator mounts; Anchor bolts; Using power hammers; Grouting

Learning Objectives:

  • Define vibration and tell how it enters and leaves equipment.
  • Tell what type of isolation is best to use on sensitive testing instruments.
  • Explain how to isolate anchor bolts when mounting equipment on pads.
  • Tell what type of wrench to use for tightening anchor bolts.
  • Name the best tool for drilling anchor bolt holes in concrete.
  • Tell why the bases of production and processing equipment should be grouted.
  • Explain why you must not use a concrete mix to grout anchor bolts.

Chapter 13: Moving and Setting

Topics: Uncrating; Relocating; Lifting; Raising with jacks and slings; Crowbars; Making the move; Personal safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain the procedures involved in relocating existing equipment.
  • Tell two things you must know before lifting equipment with a hoist.
  • List three things to consider when selecting a jack.
  • Explain the operation and uses of a roller skid.
  • Tell where to find a floor's allowable load.

Chapter 14: Leveling and Aligning

Topics: Leveling devices; Wedges and shims; Checking alignment; Aligning equipment on the foundation; Alignment screws; Aligning machine tools

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain the correct way to handle a master precision level.
  • Explain how to check the accuracy of a level.
  • Name the greatest enemy of precision tools.
  • Explain how to level V-shaped ways.
  • Tell which leveling device is used most often on small equipment.
  • Name three tools commonly used to check alignment.
  • Tell how to set an alignment screw to prevent its movement.

Chapter 15: Checking and Test Running

Topics: Electric, hydraulic, and pneumatic connections; Coolant systems; Safety devices; Settings and adjustments; Making the test run; Safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain how to test for the presence of moisture in electrical equipment.
  • Tell what device is commonly used to prevent excessive pressure in a hot water heater.
  • Explain the function of a pressure regulating valve.
  • List the steps to take before initial equipment startup.
  • Tell the usual cause of excessive temperature during equipment startup.

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