Force and Motion

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Scalars and Vectors

Topics: Physical quantities; Properties and components of vectors; Adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing vectors

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the difference between scalars and vectors, and list examples of each.
• Draw a vector, given a verbal description.
• Describe a vector verbally, given its graphic symbol, a frame of reference, and an appropriate scale.
• Define resolution, resultant, and commutative.
• Demonstrate how to resolve a vector into its rectangular components.
• Demonstrate how to add and subtract vector quantities in one-dimensional and two-dimensional frames of reference.
• Multiply and divide a vector by a scalar.

Chapter 2: Motion Along a Straight Line

Topics: Speed; Velocity; Slope; Changing and instantaneous velocity; Velocity-vs-time graph; Finding displacement; Using a curved graph

Learning Objectives:

• Explain the difference between speed and velocity.
• Define the terms instantaneous velocity, average velocity, and slope.
• Identify the delta notation, and explain how to use it in a calculation.
• Demonstrate how to determine displacement and velocity from a position-versus-time graph.
• Demonstrate how to determine displacement by calculating the area under a velocity-versus-time graph.

Chapter 3: Acceleration

Topics: Directional acceleration; Equations of motion; Acceleration due to gravity; Upward and lateral motion during free fall

Learning Objectives:

• Define acceleration.
• Demonstrate how to determine the magnitude of an acceleration from a velocity-verses-time graph.
• Demonstrate the difference between average acceleration and instantaneous acceleration.
• Solve simple problems for average acceleration, displacement, and final velocity.
• Explain why the velocity-verses-time graph for all objects in free fall are parallel (when drawn on the same coordinate system).

Chapter 4: Describing Forces

Topics: Motion; Basic forces of nature; Action/reaction pairs; Newton's Third Law of Motion; Unbalanced forces; Resolution of forces

Learning Objectives:

• Define force.
• Name the four basic types of forces in nature.
• State Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.
• Explain how and why vectors are used to represent forces.
• Explain Newton's Third Law of Motion.
• Give examples which demonstrate that forces always occur in action-reaction pairs.
• Demonstrate how to add force vectors.
• Describe how to resolve a force vector into its components.

Chapter 5: Force and Acceleration

Topics: Friction; Newton's First and Second Laws of Motion; "Resistance" to acceleration; Units of force; Conservation of momentum

Learning Objectives:

• State Newton's First Law of Motion.
• Define inertia, and describe how it is measured.
• Explain why a force must be applied continuously to objects on earth in order to maintain their motion.
• Explain what happens when a net applied force is greater than the friction force.
• State Newton's Second Law of Motion.
• Solve problems using the equation F=ma.

Chapter 6: Equilibrium

Topics: Forces on bodies; Particles in static equilibrium; Equilibrium of a rigid body; Center of mass

Learning Objectives:

• State the two conditions of equilibrium, and distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium.
• Explain the difference between particles and rigid bodies.
• Define torque.
• Solve problems involving torque and rotational equilibrium.

Chapter 7: Rotational Motion

Topics: Centripetal and centrifugal force; Rotational motion; Angular displacement; Velocity; Acceleration; Tangential acceleration; Moments of inertia

Learning Objectives:

• Describe centripetal force.
• Differentiate between centripetal acceleration, angular acceleration, and tangential acceleration, and state the formula for each.
• Demonstrate how to convert degree measurements to radian measurements.
• Define the terms uniform circular motion, period angular velocity, angular impulse, angular momentum, and moment of inertia.
• Explain why moment of inertia is calculated differently for different objects.
• State Newton;s Second Law in terms of rotational motion.
• Identify examples of the Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum.

Chapter 8: Simple Harmonic Motion

Topics: Periodic motion; Simple harmonic motion; Hooke's Law; Equations of harmony; Resonance

Learning Objectives:

• Describe the relationship between simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion.
• Define the terms cycle, amplitude, frequency, period, and Hertz.
• State Hooke's Law.
• Describe how acceleration and restoring force vectors change as an object moves in simple harmonic motion.
• Use equations to determine the period and frequency of both a mass-spring system and a pendulum.
• Give examples of resonance.

Chapter 9: Machine Elements

Topics: Machine motions; Mechanisms; Lever and four-bar linkages; Devices for producing linear motion; Ratchet-and-pawl and fluid-power mechanisms

Learning Objectives:

• List the four classifications of mechanisms.
• Name the six basic motion conversions, and give an example of each.
• Explain the functions of bell cranks, Pitman arms, and toggle bars.
• Name three types of four-bar linkages, and explain how they function.
• Describe the ratchet-and-pawl mechanism.

Chapter 10: Fasteners

Topics: Threaded fasteners; Screw threads; Types of nuts; Washers; Safety wiring; Keys and pins; Rivets

Learning Objectives:

• Identify seven major types of threaded fasteners.
• Read and interpret common screw thread and threaded fastener specifications.
• Describe the three actions in a manual riveting operation, and explain why each action must be done properly.
• Demonstrate the proper technique for safety wiring a group of threaded fasteners.
• Identify three kinds of washers.

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