General Facility Industrial Maintenance > Introduction to Hand and Power Tools

Introduction to Hand and Power Tools

Course Number: 709

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The Introduction to Hand and Power Tools textbook describes the most important hand and power tools used in industry. It begins with a chapter on common measurement tools used to monitor and adjust equipment. It continues with a discussion about units of measurement and the types of hand tools used for specific crafts such as pipefitting, plumbing, and electrical. The second half of this textbook explores basic power tools and their function, as well as the powered equivalent of some of the basic hand tools discussed in earlier chapters. The final chapters contain an overview of tool maintenance and a review of proper tool sharpening practices.

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Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Measurement Tools and Instruments

Topics: Classification of instruments; Measurements in maintenance; Process monitoring and quality assurance; Predictive maintenance

Learning Objectives:

  • Define measurement, parameter, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and range.
  • Explain why measurements are important to maintenance operations.
  • Describe the general features of a portable measurement instrument.
  • List the basic measurement instruments most often used in mechanical maintenance, and describe the operating principles of each.

Chapter 2: Measuring Tools

Topics: Linear and angular measurement; Rules and measuring tapes; Slide, vernier, and micrometer caliper; Squares

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain how to hold a rigid rule correctly when measuring an object and show from which point the measurement begins.
  • Describe how to set lock joint transfer-type calipers.
  • Identify vernier calipers.
  • Explain how to take a measurement with a micrometer caliper.
  • Name the parts of a combination square.

Chapter 3: The Safe Use of Hand Tools

Topics: Screwdrivers; Wrenches; Hammers and mallets; Chisels; Punches; Saws; Files and rasps; Snips, nippers, and cutters; Pliers; Organizing tools

Learning Objectives:

  • Name the major hand tools used in maintenance.
  • State criteria for selecting the proper tools for specific jobs.
  • Identify safe/unsafe practices in the use of hand tools and explain why they are safe/unsafe.
  • Explain how to prolong the useful life of selected hand tools.
  • Explain the advantages of having a well-organized tool box.

Chapter 4: Wrenches and Screwdrivers

Topics: Wrenches-open-end, box-end, combination, socket, adjustable, torque; Screwdrivers-standard, cross-slot, spiral, ratchet, offset; Driving and removing screws; Restoring a blade

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify types of materials used for making wrenches.
  • Identify open-end, box-end, socket, socket-head, adjustable, torque, and striking-face wrenches.
  • Describe two sizes that are important in identifying a socket wrench.
  • Identify standard, Phillips, offset, and spiral-ratchet screwdrivers.
  • List the steps to follow when driving a screw.

Chapter 5: Fasteners

Topics: Threaded fasteners; Screw threads; Types of nuts; Washers; Safety wiring; Keys and pins; Rivets

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify seven major types of threaded fasteners.
  • Read and interpret common screw thread and threaded fastener specifications.
  • Describe the three actions in a manual riveting operation, and explain why each action must be done properly.
  • Demonstrate the proper technique for safety wiring a group of threaded fasteners.
  • Identify three kinds of washers.

Chapter 6: Pipefitting Tools

Topics: Pipe wrenches; Vises; Cutting, reaming, threading, and tapping pipe; Cutting tubing and plastic pipe; Flaring tubing; Tool care

Learning Objectives:

  • Identify a straight pipe wrench, a Stillson wrench, a chain pipe wrench, a strap wrench, and a compound-leverage wrench.
  • Explain how to use a pipe wrench.
  • Explain why a machinists' vise should not be used for holding pipe.
  • Explain how to thread pipe.
  • Explain how to clean a pipe tool.
  • Explain how to cut and flare tubing.

Chapter 7: Plumbing Tools

Topics: Plumbing systems and codes; Joining pipe; Tube bending; Cutting and assembling pipe; Plungers; Augers; Sewer tapes; Special wrenches

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain how to use a mechanical tube bender.
  • List the steps in joining hubless pipe.
  • Explain why the drain pipe should be completely covered by the force cup.
  • Name the criteria used in selecting line clearing tools.
  • List the steps in measuring pipe when using the center-to-center measuring systems.

Chapter 8: Electrician's Tools

Topics: EMT bender; Bending and assembling conduit; Knockout punches; Fish tapes; Pliers; Wire and cable strippers; Test and safety equipment

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain how to use an EMT bender and a neon circuit tester.
  • List the parts of a knockout punch.
  • Name the uses of the all-purpose tool.

Chapter 9: Metalworking Tools

Topics: Vises; Hacksaws; Files; Taps; Dies; Thread classes; Reamers

Learning Objectives:

  • Select the proper hacksaw blades for cutting various materials.
  • Explain the difference between single-cut and double-cut files.
  • List the types of taps usually found in a tap set.
  • Explain how to cut an external thread on a bolt, screw, or stud.
  • Explain how to remove a reamer from a hole.

Chapter 10: The Safe Use of Portable Power Tools

Topics: Hazards; Protection against shock; Drills, sanders, grinders, saws, shears, impact wrenches, and rotary hammers; Pneumatic tools

Learning Objectives:

  • State three precautions to take before using any power tool.
  • Describe the safe use of each of the following power tools: electric drills, sanders, grinders, and saws; electric impact tools; pneumatic impact wrenches and hammers.
  • State three general guidelines for the safe operation of any portable power tool.
  • Describe the potential electrical hazards associated with electric power tools.

Chapter 11: Electric Drills

Topics: Construction; Light- and heavy-duty drills; Accessories; Drill sizes and bits; Use and maintenance; Safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Name four parts that are common to both the light-duty drill and the heavy-duty drill.
  • Name the parts of a drill bit.
  • Explain how to drill a blind hole.
  • Explain how to inspect a drill bit, both visually and through testing.
  • List the safety rules to follow when using electric power tools.

Chapter 12: Electric Hammers

Topics: Operation; Bits and chisels; Self-drilling anchors; Mechanical, electrical, and environmental safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain the difference in hammering action between a percussion hammer and a rotary hammer.
  • Select the proper chisel to use for each of the following jobs: brick cleaning; general demolition work; edging, chipping, and channeling; and removing floor tile.
  • List the precautions that should be taken to ensure electrical safety when using an electric hammer.
  • Name two safety items to use when operating an electric hammer in damp or wet areas.

Chapter 13: Pneumatic Drills and Hammers

Topics: Drill types and sizes; Bits; Operation; Hammer types; Chipping and scaling; Star drilling; Riveting; Tampers; Needle scalers; Diggers; Maintenance

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain how drill size is determined.
  • Describe the chiseling action of a bull point chisel when it is used to clean masonry seams.
  • Describe how to use a rivet buster.
  • Explain drill speed requirements.
  • Identify various types of drill bits used in pneumatic hammers.

Chapter 14: Linear-Motion Saws

Topics: Straight-blade power saws; Saber saws; Plunge and straight cutting; Cutting metal; Reciprocating saws and blades; Band saws

Learning Objectives:

  • List other names for both the saber saw and the reciprocating saw.
  • Describe the cutting action of a saber saw.
  • Explain how to draw a saw blade with regular set teeth and one with wavy set teeth.
  • Explain how to plunge cut a rectangular opening.
  • List the types of band saw blades described in this Lesson and a few characteristics of each.

Chapter 15: Circular Saws

Topics: Blades; Crosscutting; Ripping; Angular cutting; Plunge cutting; Notching and grooving; Cut-off wheels; Arbors; Accessories; Safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Name the major parts of a circular saw.
  • Describe the cutting action of a circular saw.
  • List the factors that determine feed speed.
  • State the definition of an arbor.
  • Identify different types of blades.

Chapter 16: Electric Sanders

Topics: Belt, pad, orbital, and oscillating sanders; Use and maintenance; Disk sanders; Safety

Learning Objectives:

  • Explain how to install a sanding belt.
  • Identify different types of sanding belts.
  • Explain how to flush the gear chamber of a belt sander.
  • Discuss the assembly of a sanding disk.
  • List the safety rules to follow when using a disk sander.

Chapter 17: Grinders and Shears

Topics: Grinder selection; Wheel classification; Mounting grinding wheels; Maintenance; Safety; Shears and nibblers selection and use

Learning Objectives:

  • State the meaning of each symbol in the six-symbol standard marking system for grinding wheels.
  • Explain the correct procedure for mounting a grinding wheel.
  • List safety rules to follow when using a grinder.
  • Discuss how to maintain grinders.

Chapter 18: Tool Sharpening

Topics: Whetstones; Using a bench grinder; Sharpening chisels, drill bits, screwdrivers, pointed tools, reamers, taps, and dies; Other methods

Learning Objectives:

  • State the reasons for sharpening tools.
  • Explain the use of whetstones
  • Identify a bench stone.
  • Explain how to sharpen taps, dies, screwdrivers, and chisels

Chapter 19: How to Grind Single-Point Tools

Topics: Tool materials; Relief angles; Grinders and grinding wheels; Finishing, grooving, and threading tools; Carbide-tipped tools

Learning Objectives:

  • Describe the various materials used for tools.
  • Identify the parts of a single--point tool.
  • List important specifications for single-point cutting tools.
  • Name the two basic types of grinders and explain how they are used to sharpen single-point tools.
  • Explain the standard marking system for grinding wheels.
  • Describe the best way to grind carbide-tipped tools.

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